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Institute of Labour Market Information and Analysis (ILMIA)
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Soalan Lazim

What is the function of ILMIA?

ILMIA serves as an information centre for labour data and analysis for the Malaysian labour market. At ILMIA, we are responsible for ensuring that data is accurate and up to date as well as facilitating data sharing with users. ILMIA is also the agency responsible for conducting research / studies on the labour market in Malaysia. The results of these studies will be published and used as a guide for policy-making relating to national labour.

What kind of data can be obtained from ILMIA?

Among the data that are available are data on key labour market indicators, supply and demand by economic sectors and NKEAs, average wage according to sectors, and skills by occupation.

Who uses ILMIA Portal?

ILMIA aims to inform users that are government, independent researchers, self-employed and employers, employees, students and public. The ILMIA portal can be used by all categories of user and strives to use language that is simple, non-technical and easily understood by all.

From where does ILMIA source the data that it analyses?

Data sources are obtained principally from several government agencies such as the Department of Statistics, Ministry of Education, Bank Negara Malaysia, the Economic Planning Unit, Ministry of Human Resources and others, including the private sector if made available.

What is the difference between the terms 'Labour Force' and 'Workforce'?

The term 'labour force' refers to all people in Malaysia aged between 15 and 64 years who are at work or unemployed. The 'Workforce' is another category which includes those who do any work for pay, profit or family gain (whether as employer, employee, self-employed or unpaid family worker).

What is the definition of 'Unemployment' and the 'Unemployment Rate'?

  • 'Unemployment' means the population aged between 15 and 64 years in the labour force category who are willing to, and actively looking for, work.
  • 'Unemployment rate' means the number of unemployed compared to the total labour force expressed as a percentage.

What is meant by 'Outside The Labour Force' and how does it differ from unemployment?

'Outside the labour force' refers to those who are not classified as employed or unemployed, such as housewives, students, retirees and those not interested in finding employment. Unemployed, on the other hand, means those who have yet to get a job but are willing to, and actively seeking, work.

Is the unemployment rate in Malaysia better than in other countries?

Overall, the unemployment rate in Malaysia is on average 3.4% (2016). This rate is lower than that in Australia (5.8%) and Brazil (5.6%). Malaysia's unemployment rate is basically stable and some would consider that full employment in the economy has been achieved. Although, in principle, a lower unemployment rate indicates the economy is steady, the unemployment rate will not reduce to zero as there will always be unemployment due to frictions or timing lags, as a result of, for example, employees moving to new jobs or changes in technology.

How can i get hold of books published by ILMIA?

Books and journals published by ILMIA are available online (softcopy) in the publications section. In addition, users can apply in writing or visit ILMIA's office to get printed copies.

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National Employment Returns (NER)

ILMIA has been conducting the National Employment Returns (NER) surveys since 2007. The current NER survey, replaced a previous survey called The Annual Employment Return (AER).

NER is conducted among registered firms and employers in Malaysia, usually on a two-year cycle. Besides providing an insight into the labour market in Malaysia, the NER is a useful tool that serves to identify emerging trends in salary/wages and contributes to developing policies relating to human resource development.

In 2016, ILMIA conducted the survey for NER 2016 which covered labour market information for 2015. NER 2016 served to update information on employment, wages, skills and employee training of the workforce in accordance with the major occupational MASCO groups. Information on employee attrition through resignations and termination were also requested. As in NER 2013 questions to help gauge the effects of the implementation of Minimum Wage were included in the survey together with details on implementation of the productivity-linked wage system. The survey also sought details on expatriate and PLKS foreigners employed in Malaysia. NER 2016 continued to rely on DOSM’s Establishment and Enterprise (EE) frame, but with added efforts to confirm the existence of targeted respondents. Analysis and assessments of the survey inputs are currently underway. The findings from NER2016 is expected to be available by mid-2017.

The most recent completed NER covers 2013. Like NER 2011, the NER 2013 survey relied on DOSM’s Establishment and Enterprise (EE) frame, which is believed to have a larger coverage of establishments. Prior to that the survey used MOHR’s administrative Labour Market Database (LMD). NER 2013 continued the focus on the employment and wage of the major occupational groups at managerial, professional and technical levels. The survey also asked questions to gauge the impact from the introduction of the Minimum Wages in effect since early 2013. As planned, the NER 2013 included for the first time a pilot for the administering of the responses through an internet on-line survey framework. The main issue and challenge encountered in NER 2013 was the low response rate (20%) which affected the data quality and the sampling weights of the survey, thus calling into question the assessments of the findings.

NER 2011 updated data on employment particularly on salaries and wages of Malaysian workers, employee turnover, skills shortage, skills deficits and occupations. NER 2011 also garnered data on incidence of innovation among Malaysian’s employers. The survey also categorised industries within the NKEAs and the non-NKEAs in Malaysia. The findings in NER 2011 contributed to developing a standardised definition of salary and wages, and its components such as fixed and variable pay as well as allowances. Data on skills shortage, skills deficit and occupation also helped the government in designing policies to raise the skill levels within the Malaysian workforce.

NER 2009 survey focused on salaries which expanded on the previous usage of wages in different sectors.

List of publications:

National Employment Returns 2009 (Copy)

National Employment Returns 2009 (Copy)

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National Employment Returns 2009

National Employment Returns 2009

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National Employment Returns 2013

National Employment Returns 2013

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National Employment Returns 2016

National Employment Returns 2016

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